Computing system with power requirement evaluation

ABSTRACT

A computing system is provided and includes recording media relative to which input/output (I/O) operations are executable, and a processor, disposed in signal communication with the recording media, which is configured to execute the I/O operations and to evaluate power requirements associated with executions of the I/O operations relative to each individual recording medium. The processor includes a computer-readable medium having a set of instructions stored thereon, which, when executed, cause the processor to schedule the executions of the I/O operations relative to each individual recording medium or to refuse the executions of the I/O operations in accordance with the evaluated power requirements.

BACKGROUND

Aspects of the present invention are directed to a computing system withpower requirement evaluation.

Machines and computers, such as portable laptop computers, are oftenemployed to execute input/output (I/O) operations, such as the burningof a CD or the writing of information to removable media. To besuccessfully executed, the I/O operation must be instantiated and fullyconducted so as not to risk the loss of possibly important data. Thisrequires a given amount of computing time, which is based on processingspeeds and the size of the I/O operation, and the availability ofsufficient power for powering the execution. The power can be providedby way of, e.g., a building's power supply when the machines andcomputers are plugged in or, in the case of the portable laptop computerwhich is not plugged into a power supply, a rechargeable battery.

If the portable laptop computer draws power from the rechargeablebattery, the computer will only have access to a limited powerreservoir. Over time, the amount of power within this power reservoirwill decrease as the amount of available battery power dwindles.Eventually, the amount of available battery power will approach such alow level that warnings will be issued to the user to stop use andrecharge. Nevertheless, in these cases, the user may persist in havinghis computer continue to perform I/O operations without regard towhether sufficient battery power will be available to complete the I/Ooperations. Thus, without further layers of protection, the user risksinstantiating I/O operations without sufficient power and, therefore,the potential loss of data.

Enterprise computing systems, in which multiple possible remote serverscommunicate with multiple possible remote client computers, are notnormally operated with battery power and are therefore not at risk ofrunning out of power in the middle of an execution. These systems aregenerally coupled to one or more power grids and, as such, it isunlikely that the systems will ever lack sufficient power to completeI/O operations. With that said, costs associated with the use of thepower by these systems can be significant. However, the systems do nottypically consider such costs when undertaking I/O operations. Thus, aparticular I/O operation may be completed using relatively expensivepower even though the same I/O operation could have been conducted usingcheaper power at a different time or at a remote location.

SUMMARY

In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a computing system isprovided and includes recording media relative to which input/output(I/O) operations are executable, and a processor, disposed in signalcommunication with the recording media, which is configured to executethe I/O operations and to evaluate power requirements associated withexecutions of the I/O operations relative to each individual recordingmedium. The processor includes a computer-readable medium having a setof instructions stored thereon, which, when executed, cause theprocessor to schedule the executions of the I/O operations relative toeach individual recording medium or to refuse the executions of the I/Ooperations in accordance with the evaluated power requirements.

In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a portable personalcomputer is provided and includes recording media relative to whichinput/output (I/O) operations are executable, a power source by which aquantity of power is made available for the executions of the I/Ooperations and a processor, disposed in signal communication with therecording media and the power source, which is configured to execute theI/O operations, to evaluate power requirements associated withexecutions of the I/O operations relative to each individual recordingmedium and to read the quantity of available power. The processorincludes a computer-readable medium having a set of instructions storedthereon, which, when executed, cause the processor to schedule theexecutions of the I/O operations relative to each individual recordingmedium or to refuse the executions of the I/O operations in accordancewith the evaluated power requirements and the quantity of availablepower.

In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a computer readablemedium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed cause aprocessor of a computing system, including recording media, to execute amethod of controlling the computing system is provided. The methodincludes instantiating input/output (I/O) operations, reading powerrequirements for executions of the I/O operations with respect to therecording media and scheduling the executions of the I/O operationsrelative to each individual recording medium, or refusing the executionsof the I/O operations in accordance with the evaluated powerrequirements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed outand distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of thespecification. The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantagesof the invention are apparent from the following detailed descriptiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a computing system in accordancewith embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of registers in use by the computingsystem of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a personal computer in accordancewith embodiments of the invention; and

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of controlling acomputing system in accordance with embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to FIG. 1, a computing system 10 is provided. Thecomputing system 10 may be a personal computer or an enterprisecomputing system with multiple servers and client devices at possiblyremote locations. The computing system 10 includes recording media 20,relative to which input/output (I/O) operations are executable, aprocessor 30 and, in some cases, a power source 40 by which a quantityof available power is provided for the executions of the I/O operations.The processor 30 is disposed in signal communication with the recordingmedia 20 and is configured to execute the I/O operations and to evaluatepower requirements associated with executions of the I/O operationsrelative to each individual recording medium 20. To this end, theprocessor 30 includes a memory unit 35. The memory unit 35 includes acomputer-readable medium having a set of instructions stored thereon,which, when executed, cause the processor 30 to schedule the executionsof the I/O operations relative to each individual recording medium 20 orto refuse the executions of the I/O operations in accordance with theevaluated power requirements.

As will be described below, the processor 30 may include multipleprocessing levels arranged in a tree format that includes a top level31, at which a central processing unit (CPU) may reside, and a bottomlevel 32, at which one or more disk control units (DCU 1, DCU 2 and DCU3) reside. Additional processing levels may, of course, be providedbetween the top and bottom levels 31 and 32. I/O operations are normallyinstantiated at the top level 31 as the CPU receives and interpretsinputted read and write commands. The CPU then assigns the I/Ooperations downstream in accordance with read power requirements untilthey reach each of the various DCUs at the bottom level 32 as atomizedI/O operations. Each of the atomized I/O operations is then carried outin accordance with read power requirements at a recording medium 20coupled to an associated one of the DCUs.

The recording media 20 may include removable media that can be removablycoupled to the computing system 10 or non-removable media that arenormally coupled to the computing system 10. They may also includerecording media, such as a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive, anoptical disk, a DVD-ROM, etc., from which information is read or ontowhich information is written in accordance with the executions of theI/O operations. In any case, each recording medium 20 is provided with apower requirement gauge 50. The power requirement gauge 50 is readableby the processor 30 and provides an indication to the processor 30 as tohow much power is required for an I/O operation to be executed withrespect to the recording medium 20.

As shown in FIG. 1, each DCU is normally associated with a set ofdevices acting as recording media. Thus, DCU 1 is associated withdevices D₁₁, D₁₂, D₁₃, . . . , in such a way as to allow DCU 1 to managethe executions of I/O operations of those devices and to read theirrespective power requirements indicated by their respective powerrequirement gauges 50. Similarly, DCU 2 is associated with devices D₂₁,D₂₂, D₂₃, . . . , in such a way as to allow DCU 2 to manage theexecutions of I/O operations of those devices and to read theirrespective power requirement gauges 50 and, finally, DCU 3 is associatedwith devices D₃₁, D₃₂, D₃₃, . . . , in such a way as to allow DCU 2 tomanage the executions of I/O operations of those devices and to readtheir respective power requirement gauges 50.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention and, as shown in FIG.2, the power requirement gauge 50 for each device may indicate therespective power requirement for executing an I/O operation of thedevice in the form of a register 60. That is, each register 60 may beconfigured to describe the power requirement for its device for eachread (R) and each write (W) access incidence of any I/O operationexecuted with respect to the associated device. Thus, at a particulartime, device D₁₁ requires D1A1 and D1W1 power for read and writeoperations of access 1, D1A2 and D1W2 power for read and writeoperations of access 2 and D1A3 and D1W3 power for read and writeoperations of access 3, and so on. Each register 60 may further beconfigured to indicate previous access data (i.e., D1A1′, D1A2′, etc.)that is periodically updated and reflective of power requirements ofprevious read and write access incidences.

The register 60 for each device is readable by the DCU to which thatdevice is associated. Thus, DCU 1 reads the registers 60 of devices D₁₁,D₁₂ and D₁₃. Information gleaned from the registers 60 may then becompared with the quantity of power available for I/O operations (thisbeing more important where the computing system 10 is being run withbattery power) and is then employed by DCU 1 to schedule the executionsof the I/O operations relative to devices D₁₁, D₁₂ and D₁₃ or to refusethe executions of the I/O operations in accordance with the quantity ofavailable power.

In accordance with embodiments of the invention, if the DCU 1 comparesthe information gleaned from register 60 with the quantity of poweravailable for I/O operations and the DCU 1 or the processor 30subsequently determines that the quantity of power available may beinsufficient for a given atomized I/O operation, the DCU 1 may eitherrefuse the executions of the I/O operation, in which case DCUs 2 or 3may take over, or warn the user before commencing with the I/O operationand only proceeding upon receipt of a user inputted command to do so.Similarly, if the DCU 1 subsequently determines that the quantity ofpower available for the I/O operation is so diminished that an executionof the I/O operation will definitely fail, the DCU 1 may simply refusethe execution without offering the user the opportunity to override thatjudgment.

If the user inputs the command to commence with the I/O operation, inaccordance with further embodiments of the invention, the I/O operationcould be conducted in such a manner as to increase the likelihood thatthe I/O operation could be relatively easily resumed once power isrestored. As an example, while a file is written to device D₁₁ as partof the I/O operation, a counter of the offset could also be written tothe file. Here, the write operation could be resumed from the lastcheck-pointed location on device D₁₁ even after a complete power outageand restart.

In accordance with other embodiments of the inventions, if the DCU 1determines that sufficient power for one or more atomized I/O operationsis available, the DCU 1 schedules the executions of the I/O operationsrelative to devices D₁₁, D₁₂ and D₁₃. That is, the DCU 1 assigns theatomized I/O operations to any one or more of the devices in variouscombinations based upon the information gleaned from register 60 andpredefined algorithms. For example, the DCU 1 could be configured toassign atomized I/O operations to the device that requires the leastpower for execution of the atomized I/O operations. Alternatively, theDCU 1 or the processor 30 could be configured to prioritize the atomizedI/O operations with the DCU 1 being further configured to consider thepower requirements and the priorities in assigning the atomized I/Ooperations.

Still further, the DCU 1 or the processor 30 may additionally analyzethe previous access data and modify the assignments based on results ofthat analysis. That is, if the previous access data were found to besignificantly different than the access data in a particular instancefor device D₁₁, the DCU 1 may judge that the access data is unreliableand assign a pending I/O operation to another device even though theaccess data for the other device suggests that it is more powerintensive than device D₁₁.

The information gleaned from register 60 of devices D₁₁, D₁₂ and D₁₃ isalso aggregated at the DCU 1 register 70 where it can be stored, atleast temporarily, in memory unit 80, which is disposed in relativeassociation with the DCU 1. The DCU 1 register 70 includes informationreflective of the total power requirement for access incidences of I/Ooperations for devices D₁₁, D₁₂ and D₁₃ along with informationreflective of historical power requirements for devices D₁₁, D₁₂ andD₁₃. The DCU 1 register 70 along with registers for any other DCUs incomputing system 10 can be transmitted to higher processing levels, suchas top level 31, where additional I/O operation assignments can be made.

That is, with reference to FIG. 1, if processor 30 receives the DCUregisters 70 from DCU 1, DCU 2 and DCU 3, the processor 30 can determinebased on information gleaned from the DCU registers 70 and predefinedalgorithms which DCU and, by the same token, which recording media 20,will be best equipped to execute certain I/O operations. For example, ifDCU 1 uses slightly less power than DCU 2 but DCU 1 and its associatedrecording media 20 are located in a region in which power is relativelyvery expensive, the processor 30 may assign I/O operations to DCU 2 tosave costs.

With reference to FIG. 3 and, in accordance with an aspect of theinvention, a portable personal computer, such as a laptop 100, isprovided. The laptop 100 may include removable and non-removable andfragmented and non-fragmented recording media, such as a universalserial bus (USB) flash drive 110, an optical disk drive 120, a DVDrecorder 130 and a hard disk drive 140 relative to which input/output(I/O) operations are executable, a power source 150, such as alithium-ion rechargeable battery, and a processor 160, such as a centralprocessing unit (CPU). Each recording medium includes a powerrequirement gauge 145 and a register 146 that are configured in asimilar manner as described above. The power source 150 is coupled tothe recording media and the processor 160 and makes available a quantityof power to allow for the executions of the I/O operations.

The processor 160 is coupled to the power source 150 and includes an I/Ounit 165, which is disposed in signal communication with the recordingmedia. The processor 160 is thereby configured to execute the I/Ooperations by way of the I/O unit 165, to evaluate power requirementsassociated with executions of the I/O operations relative to eachindividual recording medium and to read the quantity of available powermade available by the power source 150. To this end, the processor 160includes a memory unit 170. The memory unit 170 may be acomputer-readable medium having a set of instructions stored thereon.When executed, the instructions cause the processor 160 to schedule theexecutions of the I/O operations relative to each individual recordingmedium or to refuse the executions of the I/O operations in accordancewith the evaluated power requirements and the quantity of availablepower.

Thus, as described above and, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention, if a user of the laptop 100 inputs a command to the processor160 to, e.g., burn a DVD, the processor 160 may interrogate the powersource 150 for a reading of the available power and, at the same time,the I/O unit 165 may read the power requirement from register 146 of theDVD recorder 130. If the available power is subsequently determined tobe greater than the power requirement of the DVD recorder 130, theprocessor 160 executes the DVD burn command at the DVD recorder by wayof the I/O unit 165. If, on the other hand, the available power isdetermined to be less than the power requirement, the processor 160 maysimply refuse the execution or may issue a warning to the user as to theinsufficient power situation by way of a display driver 180 and adisplay unit 185. If the user chooses to proceed, the processor 160 maythen execute the DVD burn command by way of the I/O unit 165 in such amanner as to allow the command to be resumed if a power outage occursbefore completion, as described above.

As described above, register 146 may include current power requirementdata and historical power requirement data, which is periodicallyupdated. In this way, the laptop 100 can adjust the determinations ofwhether sufficient power will be available for certain I/O operationsover time. This can be particularly relevant where the recording mediumbeing read from or written to is fragmented. In this case, the powerrequirement for similar I/O operations with respect to that recordingmedium will increase over time. As such, the processor 160 will considerthe historical power requirement data of register 146 to judge whetherthe current power requirement data is reliable or not.

In an alternate embodiment, the I/O unit 165 may also read the powerrequirements of recording media that are reasonably analogous to the DVDrecorder 130, such as the USB flash drive 110, to determine whether theDVD burn command can be executed with respect to another device with alower power requirement. In this case, if the USB flash drive 110 isfound to have a lower power requirement than the DVD recorder 130 andthe quantity of available power from the power source 150, the processor160 may suggest copying the data that was to be burned to the DVD ontothe USB flash drive 110. If the user chooses this option, the processor160 executes the copy command with respect to the USB flash drive by wayof the I/O unit 165.

With reference to FIG. 4 and, in accordance with another aspect of theinvention, a computer readable medium is provided. The computer readablemedium has instructions stored thereon, which, when executed cause aprocessor of a computing system, including recording media, to execute amethod of controlling the computing system. The method includesinstantiating input/output (I/O) operations 200, reading powerrequirements for executions of the I/O operations with respect to therecording media 210, and, if sufficient power is available 215,scheduling the executions of the I/O operations relative to eachindividual recording medium 220 to occur immediately or following adelay, or, if sufficient power is unavailable 225, refusing theexecutions of the I/O operations in accordance with the evaluated powerrequirements 230 and, in some cases, in accordance with priorities ofthe executions. Where the executions are scheduled to occur, the methodmay further include assigning the executions to particular recordingmedia 240.

A collection of processors configured as described previously, cancollectively be managed by yet another layer of systems management. Justas in the case where a single processor, with a collection of DCUsattached may observe the relative power requirements to drive I/O foreach DCU and make I/O Scheduling decisions according to that data, sotoo can a workload management system observe the relative powerrequirements for scheduling a workload across multiple processors andschedule work to run on the most power efficient processor, or theprocessor with the lowest power cost per unit of work. Additionally,given that the workload manager knows the power cost of each applicationrunning across all the processors in the environment, it may elect tostop low priority applications on several processors to lower theoverall power consumption of the collection of processors such that thetotal power consumed by the collection of processors is below athreshold value.

While the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplaryembodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted forelements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Inaddition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situationor material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing fromthe essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that thedisclosure not be limited to the particular exemplary embodimentdisclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out thisdisclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments fallingwithin the scope of the appended claims.

1. A computing system, comprising: recording media relative to whichinput/output (I/O) operations are executable; and a processor, disposedin signal communication with the recording media, which is configured toexecute the I/O operations and to evaluate power requirements associatedwith executions of the I/O operations relative to each individualrecording medium, the processor including: a computer-readable mediumhaving a set of instructions stored thereon, which, when executed, causethe processor to schedule the executions of the I/O operations relativeto each individual recording medium or to refuse the executions of theI/O operations in accordance with the evaluated power requirements. 2.The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the recording mediacomprise at least one of removable and non-removable recording media. 3.The computing system according to claim 1, wherein the recording mediaeach comprise processor readable power requirement gauges, which areindicative of the power requirements.
 4. The computing system accordingto claim 1, further comprising a power source by which a quantity ofavailable power is provided for the executions of the I/O operations. 5.The computing system according to claim 4, wherein, when executed, theinstructions cause the processor to schedule the executions or to refusethe executions in accordance with the evaluated power requirements andthe quantity of available power.
 6. The computing system according toclaim 5, wherein, when executed, the instructions further cause theprocessor to prioritize the executions and to schedule the executions orto refuse the executions in accordance with the evaluated powerrequirements, the quantity of available power and the executionpriorities.
 7. The computing system according to claim 5, wherein, whenexecuted, the instructions further cause the processor to schedule theexecutions by assigning atomic I/O operations to individual ones of therecording media.
 8. The computing system according to claim 1, whereinthe processor is organized in multiple levels, including at least topand bottom levels, with each level including one or more processingunits.
 9. The computing system according to claim 8, wherein the I/Ooperations are instantiated at the top level and provided as atomic I/Ooperations at the bottom level.
 10. The computing system according toclaim 8, wherein the top level includes a central processing unit (CPU)and each lower level includes one or more disk control units (DCUs)arranged with respect to one another in a tree-format.
 11. The computingsystem according to claim 10, wherein each DCU at the bottom level isassociated with one or more of the recording media.
 12. The computingsystem according to claim 11, wherein, when executed, the instructionscause each DCU at the bottom level to read power requirements associatedwith executions of the I/O operations relative to each individualassociated recording medium and to schedule the executions of the I/Ooperations relative to each individual associated recording medium or torefuse the executions of the I/O operations in accordance with theevaluated power requirements.
 13. The computing system according toclaim 12, wherein the read power requirements associated with executionsof the I/O operations relative to each individual associated recordingmedium are up-level transmittable.
 14. The computing system according toclaim 12, wherein the read power requirements are aggregated in DCUregisters.
 15. The computing system according to claim 14, wherein theDCU registers are, at least, temporarily stored in recording media ofeach of the DCUs.
 16. A portable personal computer, comprising:recording media relative to which input/output (I/O) operations areexecutable; a power source by which a quantity of power is madeavailable for the executions of the I/O operations; and a processor,disposed in signal communication with the recording media and the powersource, which is configured to execute the I/O operations, to evaluatepower requirements associated with executions of the I/O operationsrelative to each individual recording medium and to read the quantity ofavailable power, the processor including: a computer-readable mediumhaving a set of instructions stored thereon, which, when executed, causethe processor to schedule the executions of the I/O operations relativeto each individual recording medium or to refuse the executions of theI/O operations in accordance with the evaluated power requirements andthe quantity of available power.
 17. A computer readable medium havinginstructions stored thereon, which, when executed cause a processor of acomputing system, including recording media, to execute a method ofcontrolling the computing system, the method comprising: instantiatinginput/output (I/O) operations; reading power requirements for executionsof the I/O operations with respect to the recording media; andscheduling the executions of the I/O operations relative to eachindividual recording medium, or refusing the executions of the I/Ooperations in accordance with the evaluated power requirements.
 18. Thecomputer readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the methodfurther comprises: determining a quantity of power available for theexecutions of the I/O operations; and scheduling the executions of theI/O operations relative to each individual recording medium, or refusingthe executions of the I/O operations in accordance with the evaluatedpower requirements and the amount of the available power.
 19. Thecomputer readable medium according to claim 18, wherein the methodfurther comprises: prioritizing the executions of the I/O operations;and scheduling the executions of the I/O operations relative to eachindividual recording medium, or refusing the executions of the I/Ooperations in accordance with the evaluated power requirements, theamount of the available power and the execution priorities.
 20. Thecomputer readable medium according to claim 16, wherein the methodfurther comprises assigning the execution of the I/O operations to therecording media in accordance with the scheduling and the refusing.